描述
目前生產(chǎn)的互感器大多不是全密封型,在密封性能上存在不少缺陷,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計也不盡合理,在材料的使用、生產(chǎn)工藝方面也存在一定問題,曾發(fā)生110kV高壓互感器因進水受潮而被停用的現(xiàn)象,大修也較頻繁。筆者在實際工作中,經(jīng)常要對互感器是否有故障做出分析和判斷,以及采取相應(yīng)處理措施,現(xiàn)將工作中常見的互感器故障問題及處理措施作一介紹。
一、高壓互感器常見故障原因分析
由于儲油柜存在制造質(zhì)量等方面的問題,加之密封不良,致使其絕緣不良而可能引發(fā)爆炸,表現(xiàn)在有些儲油柜上蓋板較雹焊接不良、法蘭箱沿較雹螺距較大、加工工藝不精細致使接合面粗糙不平等。另外,如果使用的密封膠墊質(zhì)量不好,長期使用后會變質(zhì)而失去彈性,甚至并裂,造成漏水而受潮。
吸濕器安裝不合理,如果年久失修,硅膠失效,當氣溫突變濕度加大時,潮氣會進入互感器,致使絕緣下降,水分進入器身造成水擊穿。器身設(shè)計、材料選用及加工工藝等存在問題,如110kV及以上電壓互感器,多采用漆包線,有的繞制工藝不嚴,線圈變形,線匝交叉重疊,繞制時松緊不一,或?qū)娱g絕緣厚薄不均,就可能產(chǎn)生層間或匝間短路引發(fā)互感器爆炸;選用材料質(zhì)量不好,如220kV的電容型結(jié)構(gòu)電流互感器,選用的電纜如果絕緣性能差則易引發(fā)故障,又如電壓互感器支持絕緣板選用材料的吸水性大,加之沒有經(jīng)過浸油處理,絕緣性能就差,也易造成擊穿引發(fā)故障。
電壓互感器器身支撐板質(zhì)量不良,運行時開裂,發(fā)生局部放電繼而擴展成對地擊穿。
串級式電壓互感器鐵芯結(jié)構(gòu)有缺陷,夾緊螺桿有懸浮電位或螺線有尖角而引起局部放電;對有雙鐵芯的電壓互感器,如兩鐵芯間間距不夠,也可能造成運行中爬電閃絡(luò)引發(fā)故障。
互感器的引出端子滲漏油或引出端子板絕緣不良也可能造成故障。
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